100 Energy Sources of the Future World

I. Advanced Renewable Energy (1–20)



  1. Next-generation solar photovoltaics
  2. Perovskite solar cells
  3. Transparent solar panels
  4. Space-based solar power
  5. High-altitude wind turbines
  6. Airborne wind energy systems
  7. Deep-ocean wind farms
  8. Wave energy converters
  9. Tidal stream generators
  10. Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)
  11. Enhanced geothermal systems
  12. Supercritical geothermal energy
  13. Volcanic heat harvesting
  14. Desert solar mega-farms
  15. Floating solar arrays
  16. Bio-inspired solar leaves
  17. Artificial photosynthesis
  18. Solar paint coatings
  19. Urban building-integrated solar
  20. Hybrid renewable energy systems






II. Nuclear & Fusion Energy (21–40)



  1. Next-generation fission reactors (Gen IV)
  2. Small modular reactors (SMRs)
  3. Molten salt reactors
  4. Thorium-based reactors
  5. Fast breeder reactors
  6. Micro nuclear reactors
  7. Controlled nuclear fusion
  8. Tokamak fusion reactors
  9. Stellarator fusion systems
  10. Inertial confinement fusion
  11. Laser-driven fusion
  12. Magnetized target fusion
  13. Aneutronic fusion
  14. Fusion–fission hybrid systems
  15. Compact fusion devices
  16. Portable fusion energy units
  17. Advanced nuclear waste recycling reactors
  18. Accelerator-driven subcritical reactors
  19. Space-based nuclear reactors
  20. Nuclear battery technology






III. Hydrogen & Chemical Energy (41–60)



  1. Green hydrogen
  2. Blue hydrogen
  3. Turquoise hydrogen
  4. Solid hydrogen storage systems
  5. Ammonia-based energy
  6. Synthetic methane
  7. E-fuels (electrofuels)
  8. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers
  9. Metal hydride energy storage
  10. Hydrogen fuel cells
  11. Advanced lithium batteries
  12. Solid-state batteries
  13. Sodium-ion batteries
  14. Zinc-air batteries
  15. Flow batteries
  16. Graphene supercapacitors
  17. Bio-batteries
  18. Microbial fuel cells
  19. Carbon-neutral synthetic fuels
  20. Chemical looping energy systems






IV. Biological & Environmental Energy (61–80)



  1. Algae-based biofuel
  2. Engineered bacteria energy production
  3. Biohydrogen production
  4. Cellulose-based bioenergy
  5. Waste-to-energy systems
  6. Plastic-to-fuel conversion
  7. Biomass gasification
  8. Artificial tree energy harvesting
  9. Soil microbial energy
  10. Human kinetic energy harvesting
  11. Piezoelectric flooring systems
  12. Body heat energy conversion
  13. Thermoelectric generators
  14. Ambient heat harvesting
  15. Rain energy harvesting
  16. Lightning energy capture
  17. Atmospheric moisture energy
  18. Salinity gradient energy (blue energy)
  19. Urban waste heat recovery
  20. Carbon capture and energy reuse systems






V. Extreme & Far-Future Energy Concepts (81–100)



  1. Space-based solar satellites
  2. Asteroid resource energy systems
  3. Lunar-based helium-3 fusion
  4. Antimatter energy
  5. Dark matter energy extraction (theoretical)
  6. Zero-point energy (theoretical)
  7. Black hole energy harvesting (theoretical)
  8. Dyson sphere–type megastructures
  9. Vacuum energy concepts
  10. Quantum battery systems
  11. Artificial star energy reactors
  12. Gravitational energy harvesting
  13. Planetary rotation energy capture
  14. Magnetic field energy extraction
  15. High-efficiency wireless power transmission
  16. Global superconducting energy grids
  17. Self-healing smart energy networks
  18. Interplanetary energy systems
  19. Civilization-scale energy ecosystems
  20. Energy systems that co-evolve with humanity and AI


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