In the trend toward greener and more sustainable aviation, hybrid propulsion systems combining electricity and fuel are increasingly seen as an important transitional solution. This technology integrates traditional engines powered by fossil fuels or SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) with electric systems using batteries or fuel cells, creating a balance between flight performance, range, and emission reduction.
The strength of hybrid propulsion lies in its ability to cut emissions and noise during high-consumption phases such as takeoff and landing. In these stages, electric motors can provide support, helping save fuel and reducing CO₂ as well as NOx emissions. Using electricity during taxiing on the ground also contributes to fuel savings and lowers noise pollution around airports, improving both passenger experience and community well-being.
However, the technology faces several challenges. Current batteries have much lower energy density compared to conventional fuel, which increases aircraft weight significantly. High-power electrical systems generate substantial heat, requiring effective cooling solutions. Moreover, hybrid propulsion is a complex system that demands strict safety certification and large investment costs to be integrated into commercial aircraft.
The most feasible applications of hybrid propulsion today are in regional and short-haul aircraft, where emission and noise reduction requirements are high. It is also suitable for electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles (eVTOL) or air taxis, helping extend their operating range and reduce reliance on batteries. In the testing phase, hybrid propulsion can serve as a bridge before aviation transitions fully to electric aircraft or clean fuels such as hydrogen and SAF.
In summary, hybrid propulsion is a smart solution that combines the advantages of traditional engines and electric systems. Although challenges remain in terms of batteries, costs, and certification, this technology promises to play a crucial role in the transition toward a greener, more efficient, and sustainable aviation industry in the future.
